Pharmaceutical companies invest huge dollars in developing R & D, manufacturing and marketing a new drug. This law is the patent system Duration: 20 years, but it is about 16-18 years for drug patents because it is the FDA regulations, before they are passed into the market. When the patent expires, generic companies, the generic version of the same drug and sell available on the market with very reasonable prices. Thus, in order to be competitive, innovative companies that are trying to extend theDrug life. This is known as the spread of drugs, the more time protecting known. Therefore, each specific drug is not protected by a particular patent, but it is protected by several patents, including patents block. Patents do not protect the drugs as such but the "inventions".
To enhance a better understanding of the various types of pharmaceutical patents and ways to save the life of drug patents is essential for professionals involved in patentpharmaceutical research. Patents on drugs can be divided into the following categories:
Composition
Formulations
Size and shape
Drug delivery
Compound
New chemical entities
Fitness
Particle size
Patent selection
Active metabolite
Prodrugs
Dosage and deliveryDevices doseMethod or process or applicationDrug
1) Compositions
Composition patent discloses a combination of one or more assetsIngredients (known or new) and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients such as solvents, buffers, fillers, binders, disintegrants and lubricants. The inventiveness of these patents is the combination of selected molecules and their application-specific new feature.
In India, a new pharmaceutical composition (with one drug, whether known or novel) with an inert carrier are not patentable, because there is no synergy between the components of knowledge. active participationConnection and support contracts.
2) formulation
The patent relates to the formulation of the desired production of the composition in a particular form for a better effect, form or publication is.
2.1) in the form of the product: It refers to the different formulation of new or known drug or a pharmaceutical composition with an improved method of active drug delivery. The same substance can be formulated in various forms such as tablets,Capsules or aqueous solutions for parenteral administration. For example, an anti-inflammatory cream with A would control as much of a tablet with "A" for the treatment of diabetes. The new cream is because "A" has been formulated in this way have never before, and it would be inventive, if the previous use of "A" is not proposing to use as a topical. "
2.2) Drug Delivery: In some patents, the claimed formulation is associated with certain securities,as the controlled release of a drug in the blood. Other methods of drug delivery is limited, extended and delayed release.
3) Connection
These patents to the identification of new chemical, biological, herbal or molecule associated with drugs. Patents may or may not say anything about the composition (with other ingredients), one application or use of these molecules. In most cases, these new molecules by different formulas in the claim (Markush claims) are represented.These compounds can either form new molecules of certain sources (eg physical plant) or new chemical entity (NCE). It can be further classified by type of substance, ie crystalline, polymorph, isomer, physical forms (or amorphous) or salts.
3.1), new chemical entity: a new chemical entity (NCE) is generally represented by Markush structures in patents and are different formulas and chemical derivatives of innovative medicines.
3.2)Fitness: polymorphism and ownership enantiomerism chemical compounds are so far from pharmaceutical companies such as the lifecycle of a medicinal product by inventive polymorphs, isomers, using physical forms (crystalline or amorphous), the enantiomers of knowledge about drugs.
3.3) Particle size: The rate of dissolution of a drug depends on its intrinsic solubility and its particle size. Reducing the size of the particles to a higher resolution and higherBioavailability and thus a large number of pharmaceutical patents in the industry on the composition with a particle size specific ingredients and dosage forms (eg, suspensions or dispersions are) associated.
3.4), the selection patents: Claims of a patent-selection a single item or a small segment in a large group is known to "elected" and said that whatever is not based on a peculiarity in the large group. For example, a patent on a specific area(eg, C3-C12) is required when a chemical with carbon atoms, n is already patented.
3.5) active metabolites: In some cases, the patent covers a compound and the active metabolite that produces the desired effect in the body. It produces the same effect as the parent compound.
3.6) prodrugs: When metabolized in the body, inactive compounds (so-called "prodrugs") can produce a therapeutically active substance. Some patent claims cover aDrug and prodrug / s.
4) Strength / dose
Some papers claim patent inventions from the dosage form for administration (eg, the solid dosage form for oral administration), the patients on an existing product. These charges are usually on claims relating to methods of medical treatment, the amount, the issue is not a product or process, but how a product is used therapeutically.
5) procedures or processes
ThesePatent discloses the method or process of manufacture or preparation or a compound or composition. They have in most cases the application of those compounds or compositions. Another type of patent in this category is the method of identification of new molecules, treatment method, the method for screening and diagnosis. These patents are also different methods of assay.
6) The use or application
The priority of this patent is in factCompound or composition to a human or another subject, eg, treatment and prevention of specific diseases)
7) delivery of drugs
These patents shall be either open to processes or device or system, the drug in the human body offer. It includes both the provision of medicines and general system of targeted delivery of drugs or methods.
7) Devices
It includes patents, all equipment, facilities, or sometimes even the packaging system disclosedDrug delivery, manufacturing, monitoring, screening or diagnosis of the drug and its activities.
Conclusion It is a myth under patent analyst, that the reading and understanding of patent carpet is difficult. That is true, but if you used a clear understanding of the different types of patents, the formulations of medicines and basic concepts in pharmaceutical patents, it will make life easier. To identify a careful reading of the patent applications to newand can inventiveness with title and abstract high-level provide information about a patent.